当DOM元素被添加上display:none;的样式时,这个元素和它的子元素无法获取到实际的宽高。
如图,我设置了一个父元素和一个子元素,并且通过一个按钮切换父元素是否带有display:none;。


然后每次点击按钮后,在控制台输出两个元素的高度。

可以看到,当元素正常显示时,获取宽高正常。而当元素添加上`display:none;`之后,获取到的值变为0.
使用jquery的actual方法可以很方便的获取到元素的真实宽高。
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery.actual/1.0.19/jquery.actual.min.js"></script>
语法格式
//获取带有.hidden类的元素的实际高度
$('.hidden').actual('height');
使用actual方法后获取宽高正常,无论元素有没有被设置display:none;。(下图中两次输出,一次是带有display:none;的,一次是没有的,均能获取到实际高度)

原理:设置display:none;的元素没有物理尺寸,而同样能提供隐形效果的visibility则有物理尺寸,但是不能直接用visibility:hidden;代替display:none;,因为设置visibility之后的元素还是会占用页面空间的。正确的解决方法是要获取宽度或者高度时,首先将display:none;更换成display:block;,然后设置visibility让其隐形,从而获取实际宽高。
这里需要注意的是,当元素设置为块级元素时,可能会因为其大小使得周围的元素被推动,因此我们在获取某个元素的实际宽高时,除了设置display和visibility,还要设置position:absolute;,在获取到宽高值之后取消掉。
这个实现方法其实就是jquery的actual方法的内容:
源地址jquery.actual:Get the actual width/height of invisible DOM elements with jQuery.
如果打不开github也可以看下面的代码(jquery.actual.js的代码内容)
/*! Copyright 2012, Ben Lin (http://dreamerslab.com/)
* Licensed under the MIT License (LICENSE.txt).
*
* Version: 1.0.19
*
* Requires: jQuery >= 1.2.3
*/
;( function ( factory ) {
if ( typeof define === "function" && define.amd ) {
// AMD. Register module depending on jQuery using requirejs define.
define( ["jquery"], factory );
} else {
// No AMD.
factory( jQuery );
}
}( function ( $ ){
$.fn.addBack = $.fn.addBack || $.fn.andSelf;
$.fn.extend({
actual : function ( method, options ){
// check if the jQuery method exist
if( !this[ method ]){
throw "$.actual => The jQuery method "" + method + "" you called does not exist";
}
var defaults = {
absolute : false,
clone : false,
includeMargin : false,
display : "block"
};
var configs = $.extend( defaults, options );
var $target = this.eq( 0 );
var fix, restore;
if( configs.clone === true ){
fix = function (){
var style = "position: absolute !important; top: -1000 !important; ";
// this is useful with css3pie
$target = $target.
clone().
attr( "style", style ).
appendTo( "body" );
};
restore = function (){
// remove DOM element after getting the width
$target.remove();
};
}else{
var tmp = [];
var style = "";
var $hidden;
fix = function (){
// get all hidden parents
$hidden = $target.parents().addBack().filter( ":hidden" );
style += "visibility: hidden !important; display: " + configs.display + " !important; ";
if( configs.absolute === true ) style += "position: absolute !important; ";
// save the origin style props
// set the hidden el css to be got the actual value later
$hidden.each( function (){
// Save original style. If no style was set, attr() returns undefined
var $this = $( this );
var thisStyle = $this.attr( "style" );
tmp.push( thisStyle );
// Retain as much of the original style as possible, if there is one
$this.attr( "style", thisStyle ? thisStyle + ";" + style : style );
});
};
restore = function (){
// restore origin style values
$hidden.each( function ( i ){
var $this = $( this );
var _tmp = tmp[ i ];
if( _tmp === undefined ){
$this.removeAttr( "style" );
}else{
$this.attr( "style", _tmp );
}
});
};
}
fix();
// get the actual value with user specific methed
// it can be "width", "height", "outerWidth", "innerWidth"... etc
// configs.includeMargin only works for "outerWidth" and "outerHeight"
var actual = /(outer)/.test( method ) ?
$target[ method ]( configs.includeMargin ) :
$target[ method ]();
restore();
// IMPORTANT, this plugin only return the value of the first element
return actual;
}
});
}));
Example Code:(来源于jquery.actual github项目说明)
// get hidden element actual width
$( ".hidden" ).actual( "width" );
// get hidden element actual innerWidth
$( ".hidden" ).actual( "innerWidth" );
// get hidden element actual outerWidth
$( ".hidden" ).actual( "outerWidth" );
// get hidden element actual outerWidth and set the `includeMargin` argument
$( ".hidden" ).actual( "outerWidth", { includeMargin : true });
// get hidden element actual height
$( ".hidden" ).actual( "height" );
// get hidden element actual innerHeight
$( ".hidden" ).actual( "innerHeight" );
// get hidden element actual outerHeight
$( ".hidden" ).actual( "outerHeight" );
// get hidden element actual outerHeight and set the `includeMargin` argument
$( ".hidden" ).actual( "outerHeight", { includeMargin : true });
// if the page jumps or blinks, pass a attribute "{ absolute : true }"
// be very careful, you might get a wrong result depends on how you makrup your html and css
$( ".hidden" ).actual( "height", { absolute : true });
// if you use css3pie with a float element
// for example a rounded corner navigation menu you can also try to pass a attribute "{ clone : true }"
// please see demo/css3pie in action
$( ".hidden" ).actual( "width", { clone : true });
// if it is not a block element. By default { display: "block" }.
// for example a inline element
$( ".hidden" ).actual( "width", { display: "inline-block" });
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