vue与django(drf)实现文件上传下载功能全过程

浏览：36日期：2023-02-12 11:11:00

文件上传功能

上传后端部分

（一）Models.py

from django.db import models

class FilesModel(models.Model):                         //模型名（默认表名）
	name = models.CharField(max_length=20, default="")      //name，fle是字段名（file为上传的文件）
    file = models.FileField(upload_to="uploads/")         //upload上传功能实现，to上传后保存的路径

    class Meta:
        db_table = "files_storage"             //自定义的表名
        ordering = ["-id"]                     //按顺序排列

（二）Serializer.py

使用 Django REST framework 实现后端 REST API，需创建序列化器 serializers.py，内容如下：

from rest_framework import serializers
from files import models                           //files 是 app 的名字

class FilesSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.FilesModel                      //指定模型
        fields = "__all__"                             //指定序列化的字段名

（三）views.py

from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
from files import models, serializers

class FileViewSet(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = models.FilesModel.objects.all()             //返回全部字段
    serializer_class = serializers.FilesSerializer         //指定序列化器类型

（四）urls

1.项目总配置路径下（settings.py 所在的路径）编辑根路由配置文件 urls.py

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path("admin/", admin.site.urls),
    path("storage/", include("files.urls"))         //网址前缀及指定某子app的url
]

2.app为files 的路径下新建 urls.py 文件，填写路由配置：

from django.urls import include, path
from rest_framework import routers
from files import views

router = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register(r"files", views.FileViewSet)                   //注册路径

urlpatterns = [
    path("", include(router.urls))
]

（五）测试后端api

运行后台服务 python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000，访问 http://xx.xx.xx.xx:8000/storage/files/，界面如下：

上传前端部分（vue添加vue.js和node.js，设置eslint）

<template>
  <div>
    <el-label>名称</el-label>
    <el-input v-model="fileData.name" />
    <el-upload
      ref="upload"
      drag
     
      action="http://xx.xx.xx.xx:8000/storage/files/"
      :data="fileData"
      :auto-upload="false"
      :on-success="onSuccess"
     
    >
      <i />
      <div>将文件拖到此处，或<em>点击上传</em></div>
    </el-upload>
    <el-button size="small" type="success" @click="submitUpload">上传到服务器</el-button>
  </div>
</template>

<script>

export default {
  name: "UploadDemo",
  data() {
    return {
      fileData: {
        name: ""
      }
    }
  },
  methods: {
    submitUpload() {
      this.$refs.upload.submit()
    },
    onSuccess() {
      this.$message.success("上传成功")
    }
  }
}
</script>

其中 el-upload 组件的 action 属性用于指定后台 API 的 URI；

:auto-upload 属性用于设置是否自动上传（这里设置为 false，手动触发上传动作）；

:on-success 属性用于指定上传成功后触发的方法。

submitUpload() 中的 this.$refs.upload.submit() 方法触发文件上传动作。

其中 el-upload 组件的 :data 属性用于指定文件上传时附加的数据（类型为 JavaScript 对象）。

注意：

1.env.development文件里改成BASE_API = ‘/api’

2.除增删改查外，上传的接口在index.vue文件里写了，不用额外在api文件夹里加接口

3.route里的函数调用后端接口

4.前端一个页面可对应后端多个接口

上传完成，后台数据如下：

[
    {
        "file": "http://172.20.23.34:8000/storage/files/uploads/AnyDesk.exe",
        "id": 19,
        "name": "测试文件"
    },
    {
        "file": "http://172.20.23.34:8000/storage/files/uploads/template.html",
        "id": 18,
        "name": ""
    },
    {
        "file": "http://172.20.23.34:8000/storage/files/uploads/20171215091830_55126_hSnPtZR.png",
        "id": 17,
        "name": ""
    }
]

文件下载功能

下载后端部分

views.py

    @action(methods=["get", "post"], detail=True)
    def download(self, request, pk=None, *args, **kwargs):
        file_obj = self.get_object()
        response = FileResponse(open(file_obj.file.path, "rb"))
        return response

下载前端部分

download.vue

<template>
  <el-table
    :data="filelist.filter(data => !search || data.name.toLowerCase().includes(search.toLowerCase()))"
   
  >
    <el-table-column
      label="序号"
      prop="id"
    />
    <el-table-column
      label="上传时间"
      prop="date"
    />
    <el-table-column
      label="上传用户"
      prop="auther"
    />
    <el-table-column
      label="文件名"
      prop="filename"
    />
    <el-table-column
      align="right"
    >
      <template slot="header">
        <el-input
          v-model="search"
          size="mini"
          placeholder="输入关键字搜索"
        />
      </template>
      <template slot-scope="scope">
        <el-button
          size="mini"
          @click="handleDown(scope.$index, scope.row)"
        >Down</el-button>
        <el-button
          size="mini"
          type="danger"
          @click="handleDelete(scope.$index, scope.row)"
        >Delete</el-button>
      </template>
    </el-table-column>
  </el-table>
</template>

<script>
import { getPkgsList } from "@/api/user"
import { getToken } from "@/utils/auth"
import { delpkg } from "@/api/user"
import axios from "axios"

export default {
  data() {
    return {
      headers: {
        Authorization: "Bearer " + getToken()
      },
      // addForm: {
      //   // 文件的数组
      //   pics: []
      // },
      filelist: [],
      search: "",
      listLoading: true
    }
  },
  created() {
    this.fetchPkgsList()
  },
  methods: {
    handleChange(file, filelist) {
      this.filelist = filelist.slice(-3)
    },
    onSuccess() {
      this.$message.success("上传成功")
    },
    fetchPkgsList() {
      this.listLoading = true
      getPkgsList().then(response => {
        console.log("getPkgsList ========> ", response)
        this.filelist = response.data.results
        this.listLoading = false
      })
    },
    downloadFile(url, options = {}) {
      return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        // console.log(`${url} 请求数据，参数=>`, JSON.stringify(options))
        axios.defaults.headers["Authorization"] = "Bearer " + getToken()
        axios({
          method: "post",
          url: url, // 请求地址
          data: options, // 参数
          responseType: "blob" // 表明返回服务器返回的数据类型
        }).then(
          response => {
            // console.log("下载响应",response)
            resolve(response.data.result)
            debugger
            const blob = new Blob([response.data])
            // console.log(blob)
            // let fileName = Date.parse(new Date()) + ".xlsx"
            // 切割出文件名
            const fileNameEncode = options.filename
            // 解码
            const fileName = decodeURIComponent(fileNameEncode)
            // console.log("fileName",fileName)
            if (window.navigator.msSaveOrOpenBlob) {
              // console.log(2)
              navigator.msSaveBlob(blob, fileName)
            } else {
              // console.log(3)
              var link = document.createElement("a")
              link.href = window.URL.createObjectURL(blob)
              link.download = fileName
              link.click()
              // 释放内存
              window.URL.revokeObjectURL(link.href)
            }
          },
          err => {
            reject(err)
          }
        )
      })
    },
    handleDown(index, row) {
      const postUrl = "/api/files/" + (row.id) + "/download/"
      const params = { filename: row.filename }
      this.downloadFile(postUrl, params)
    },
    handleDelete(index, row) {
      this.listLoading = true
      // const i = this.addForm.pics.findIndex((x) => x.pic === row.file)
      // this.addForm.pics.splice(i, 1)
      this.$confirm(`确定移除 ${row.filename}？`)
      delpkg(row.id).then(response => {
        // console.log("getPkgsList ========> ", response)
        // console.log(index)
        // console.log(this.filelist.length)
        this.filelist = this.filelist.slice(index, 1)
        this.fetchPkgsList()
        // console.log(this.filelist)
        this.listLoading = false
      })
    }
  }

}
</script>